Polyurethanefuro rakaomararandeimwe yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yefiriji. Kubva mumafiriji emumba nemafiriji kusvika kumayuniti ekuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora, furo repolyurethane rinopa kudzivirira kupisa kwakanaka, kushanda nesimba, uye kugara kwenguva refu. Kunzwisisa izvimaitiro ekugadzira polyurethane yakaoma furozvakakosha kune vagadziri vanotsvaga mhando dzakafanana, uye chikamu chikuru chemaitiro aya kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwezvinokonzeresa polyurethane.
1. Zvishandiso uye Kugadzira
Kugadzirwa kwefuro rakasimba repolyurethane remafiriji kunotanga nezvinhu zvakasarudzwa nokungwarira:
- Polyols- inoshanda sehwaro hwezvinhu, ichisarudza hunhu hwefuro hwakadai sekuwanda uye simba rekudzvanya.
- Isocyanates- kazhinji polymeric MDI (pMDI), iyo inopindirana nepolyols kuti igadzire urethane bonds.
- Zvinonhuhwirira– zvakaita sepentane kana HFOs dzisingakuvadzi nharaunda, izvo zvinogadzira chimiro chemasero efuro.
- Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa– zvinosanganisira zvinodzora moto, zvinogadzirisa ma surfactants, uye zvinosimbisa moto.
- Zvinhu zvinokonzeresa polyurethane- zvakakosha pakudzora reactivity uye kumhanya kwekugadzirisa kwesystem.
2. Kukosha kwePolyurethane Catalysts
Mukushandisa mufiriji, nzira yekubudisa furo inofanira kunge iriyakagadzikana, yakafanana, uye inodzorwakuve nechokwadi chekuti insulation inoshanda zvakanaka uye kuti divi rayo rakagadzikana.Zvinhu zvinokonzeresa polyurethaneZvinoshandiswa kuyera mashandiro ari pakati peisocyanate nepolyol (urethane reaction) uye reaction yemvura-isocyanate (urea reaction).
Inowanzoshandiswazvinokonzeresa aminezvinosanganisira:
- Triethylenediamine (TEDA)- inopa simba guru rekuita gelling, inokurumidza kuumbwa kweurethane, uye inoita kuti furo rirambe richipora zvakanaka.
- Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)- inoenzanisa mashandiro efuro uye gelling, zvichiita kuti chimiro chemasero chive chakafanana.
- Dimorpholine diethyl ether (DMDEE)- inopa kunonoka kwekuita, kuwedzera nguva yekirimu uye kuvandudza kudzora maitiro.
Zvinokonzera simbi, dzakadai se stannous octoate kana dibutyltin dilaurate, dzinoshandiswa pamwe chete ne amine catalysts kuti dziwedzere kupora uye kuwana nguva inodiwa isina tack.
Kusarudza musanganiswa wakakodzera weamine nesimbi zvinokonzeresainogona:
- Dzora chimiro chekukwira kwefuro.
- Dzivirira kudonha kwevhu kana kudonha panguva yekupupa furo.
- Ita kuti madziro emakabati efiriji abatanidzwe zvakanaka.
- Gadzirisa nguva dzekufamba kwemhepo mumitsara yekugadzira inoenderera mberi uye isingapfuuri.
3. Kusanganisa uye Kuyera
Kugadzirwa kwefuro mufiriji, zvakanyatsonakamichina yekuyerainosanganisa polyol, isocyanate, chinhu chinoputira, surfactant, flame retardant, uye catalysts muchiyero chakakodzera. Chero kutsauka kunogona kukonzera kusiyana kwehuwandu, kusabatana zvakanaka, kana kuderera.
Zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvinopinzwa mufiriji kana muforoma yemusuwo. Panguva iyi,maitiro e polyurethaneZvinotanga ipapo ipapo, uye zvinhu zvinokonzeresa ganda zvinoita basa razvo mukudzora nguva yekirimu, nguva yekumuka, uye chimiro chekupora.
4. Kuburitsa Furo uye Kurapa
Munguva yedanho rekufuro, chinhu chinofefetera chinokura uye chinoita chimiro chemasero akavharika zvakanaka. MaAmine catalysts anodzora kumhanya kwefuro, nepo maCatalysts esimbi achikurudzira kubatana, zvichikonzera furo rakasimba, rakaomarara.
Zvakakodzerasarudzo yekatsiinovimbisa kuti:
- Furo rinokura zvakaenzana kuti rizadze buri rese.
- Furo iri rinonamira zvakanaka pasimbi, mapurasitiki, kana pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasanganiswa.
- Furo rekupedzisira rinoratidza kuputira kwakanaka kwekupisa (kukosha kwakaderera kweλ) uye simba remuchina.
5. Kudzora Hunhu uye Kuedza Kushanda
Mushure mekugadziriswa, furo remufiriji rinoedzwa kuti rionekwe kana paine:
- Kuwanda uye chimiro chemasero
- Simba rekunamatira
- Kufambisa kwekupisa
- Kugadzikana kwehukuru
Kudzora mhando nguva dzose kunoita kuti mafiriji asvike pachinangwa chawo chekushandisa simba zvakanaka.
Mhedziso
Iyomaitiro ekugadzira furo rakasimba repolyurethane remafirijiinonyanya kuvimba nesarudzo chaiyo uye musanganiswa wezvinokonzeresa polyurethaneKushandisa maamine catalysts akadai se triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, uye dimorpholine diethyl ether—pamwe chete nema metal catalysts—kunobatsira vagadziri kuti vawane nzira yakasimba yekubudisa furo, kuvandudza chimiro chemasero, uye kukurumidza kupora kwakagadziridzwa.
Mingxu New Materials inonyanya kupa zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanyazvinokonzeresa polyurethaneyemasisitimu efuro refiriji. Mhando dzedu dzeamine nesimbi dzinobatsira vagadziri kuvandudza mashandiro ebasa, kuderedza zvikanganiso, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano zvekudzivirira kupisa mufiriji.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-17-2025